Highly detailed torso with 17 removable parts, highly detailed brain, , open back and sexless

Highly detailed torso with 17 removable parts, highly detailed brain, , open back and sexless

1) Per ice cream: DKK 5,335 (incl. VAT)

2) Size : 87 cm in height and weighs approximately 9 kg

3) Removable parts: 17 pcs.

4) Color, stand, material quality and inclusive/exclusive list of names

The skin looks like light rubber, which is matte. The other colors appear bright and matte. The stand is an approximately 2 cm thick plastic plate in grey-white, which measures approx. 25 x 38 cm.

The material quality seems good and very robust in all the model's tissues, although the skin and especially some tissues look very artificial (e.g. the eye and the kidney tissue in the right kidney).

There are no numberings on the torso model, but a particularly comprehensive torso guide in book form (and on a CD-ROM) is included, where even the smallest anatomical structures are explained on e.g. Latin and English using pictures.

5) Anatomical details (mentioned from the top of the model downwards in the following 4 groups)

I - The musculoskeletal system (bones, cartilage, ligaments, fascia and skeletal muscles)

Bones : There are quite a few - mainly in the head and back. In the head, the left part of the skull can be seen inside with very few details such as protrusions and holes for vessels and nerves. Externally, a bit of the facial skeleton can be seen around the left eye, where the various bones are seen with very few projections. Furthermore, an insignificantly small part of the lower jaw on the right side and the tongue bone can be seen without significant muscle attachments.

Inside the torso, the clavicle and ribs can be seen in cross-section at the open and cut-through chest wall. In addition, the iliac crests, quite a bit of the pubic bones at the symphysis pubica and the transition between the 5th lumbar vertebra and the sacrum in the pelvis can be seen.

The open back shows different parts of the vertebrae from the upper neck joint to the sacrum (it is difficult to see the coccyx). Pins are not included. The vertebrae are thus "open", so that the vertebral canal with nerves is visible. The 7th thoracic vertebra, on the other hand, is complete and can be removed. In general, all the bones in the back can be seen with details such as projections, hinge pins etc., but they are not very lifelike. Facet joints are visible at some of the vertebrae. When the 7th thoracic vertebra is taken out, a disc can be seen on its vertebral body. However, it does not look like a real discus, and is painted blue. In a large part of the back, the facet joints are also visible, which are very artificial.

Cartilage appears in light blue color on the nose, in the throat, in the trachea and at the 5th lumbar vertebra in the torso (discus). Ligaments virtually invisible. Fascia not seen either.

Skeletal muscles seen to a lesser extent. In the head, some muscles can be seen around the left side of the mouth and jaw as well as near the right ear (cheek). In addition, few pectoral muscles, few abdominal muscles and few muscles in the pelvis can be identified. In the open back, musculature can be seen under the skin and between the vertebrae. Apart from a few, it is generally difficult to identify specific muscles in the back.

II – Blood vessels (arteries and veins), nerves and the lymphatic system as well as other things such as salivary glands

Both the very largest arteries and veins as well as quite a few smaller blood vessels are included. In addition to the large vessels in the neck, chest and stomach, detailed blood supply is also seen in many other organs. As for the brain, arteries can be seen on the entire surface of the left hemisphere (which can be taken out and divided into 4 pieces), the superior sagittal sinus, the internal carotid artery, the medial cerebri artery, the blood supply to the insula and veins from the caudate nucleus. Smaller blood vessels are also seen in the heart ("coronary vessels"), the lungs, the stomach, the pancreas, the liver and the right kidney (which can be opened). Some blood vessels are seen to the duodenum, but neither to the rest of the small intestine nor the large intestine. Some arteries are seen at the outermost part of the omentum majus. Furthermore, openings in the surface of the spleen and left thigh show some blood vessels. In the back, veins and the vertebral artery can be seen.

The nervous system can only be seen in the open back, but with many details such as spinal nerves, spinal ganglia, the 3 spinal membranes, cauda equina and filum terminale. A cross-section of the spinal cord shows the gray matter, where the H-like structure is clearly visible.

Lymph vessels and lymph nodes are only visible in a small area on the front of the left thigh. In addition, all 3 salivary glands can be seen very clearly.

III – Internal organs (grouped)

The brain : Only the left part of the brain can be taken out, but it can be separated into 4 parts. It resembles the brain in both color (roughly), shape and size. The right part of the brain is rather an illustration/drawing of the brain tissue and blood vessels.

You see a lot of neuroanatomical structures because it can be separated into so many parts. In the cerebrum (telencephalon and diencephalon) you can see both the 4 cerebral lobes and the insula, which some call the 5th. You also see structures such as the thalamus and hypothalamus (and the pituitary gland). In the cerebellum, all important structures are clearly seen. In the brainstem, the cranial nerves and surface anatomy can be seen in great detail. In addition to structures such as the brainstem, fornix and the first 2 cranial nerves, the nucleus caudate is also seen. The whole of the latter (including the insula) can be separated from other structures, so that, for example, the hippocampus as well as the central part and the frontal "horn" belonging to the lateral ventricle can be seen. It is also possible to see a smaller transverse section with a clear difference between gray and white matter.

The organs of the chest cavity : The heart can be taken out and divided into 2. On the surface, the heart's blood supply can be seen in typical red and blue color as well as larger blood vessels to and from the heart. When the front part of the heart is lifted off, all 4 valves are seen in the form of the 2 different valve systems. There are clear differences in the inner surface of atria versus heart chambers. Furthermore, it is clearly seen that the muscle wall (the myocardium) is thickest in the left ventricle. The impulse conduction system is not seen, but details such as the fossa ovalis, ostium sinus coronarii and papillary muscles are.

Both lungs can be divided into 2 and the front part of each lung can be taken out. You can see the division into lobes, the marbled surface, the lung root and the branching of the bronchi, arteries and veins in different angles.

Esophagus, thoracic aorta and trachea (with main bronchi) is clearly seen when the heart is taken out. The surface of the esophagus appears muscular and its passage through the diaphragm is evident. The diaphragm is attached to the undersides of the lungs.

Abdominal organs: The stomach can be taken out but not opened. On the outer surface, the blood supply can be seen, and the organ can be easily divided into its various sections.

The pancreas, the entire duodenum, the rest of the small intestine and a large part of the large intestine can be removed in one piece. The pancreas is seen with the characteristic ductus pancreaticus and relationships to blood vessels. The duodenum is seen with little detail. The intestinal lumen is seen in cross-section, so that the folds of the mucosa are visible, but the wall layers are not seen in detail. You also don't see the papilla duodeni minor and major, but a bit of a bile duct can be seen on the outside.

The lumen of the colon is also seen in cross-section, but its wall layers are not seen in good detail either. A total opening is also seen at the ileocaecal site - i.e. the end of the small intestine, the caecum and the beginning of the ascending colon. Here the folds in the mucosa are visible, although the lumen of the small intestine is not visible. Furthermore, the appendix vermiformis is seen as well as 2 of the 3 characteristics: Haustra coli and taeniae coli (appendices epiploicae are not seen).

Liver and gallbladder can be removed in one piece. Larger blood vessels and ligaments/peritoneal folds are seen.

The spleen cannot be taken out. It appears with an oval opening where red and blue blood vessels are clearly visible.

Right kidney can be seen inside, because the front surface can be taken out (equivalent to dividing the kidney "from edge to edge"). You can see good details such as cortex, pith, blood vessels and the renal pelvis. Adrenal glands and left kidney cannot be taken out or seen inside. The ureters are also seen.

Sigmoid colon and the beginning of the rectum can be seen but not taken out.

Half of the urinary bladder can be taken out so that its interior and wall layers can be seen.

Genitalia is not included at all.

IV – The sensory organs: Skin, eyes and ear-nose-throat

The skin seems artificial and rubbery. Seen without hair and the like.

Eyes : The left eye can be removed - the right is not visible (is closed). On the left eye (front) you can see the pupil, the iris and the sclera, which are painted on. Furthermore, the eye muscles and lacrimal gland can be seen. The inner layer of the eye is not visible, but yellow color around the stick, which holds the eye firmly in the torso model, is probably to symbolize the optic nerve.

The ears are closed - but beautiful.

Nasal cavity and oral cavity is seen very clearly in cross-section and with structures such as the tongue, because all bone tissue belonging to the left part of the facial skeleton (under the left eye) is not included. Many details are seen such as muscles in the region, clam bones in the nose and salivary glands but no real teeth. The surface of the tongue appears uneven, but the various papillae cannot be identified. Furthermore, an area without skin can be seen on the right side of the face (cheek) with muscles and the large parotid gland with the duct.

The neck seen in a transverse section because the entire head can be removed. Unfortunately, the internal structures are not visible. In contrast, different structures are seen on the front (mainly front part of the throat, thyroid gland and blood vessels) and on the back (neck) where the spinal cord, spinal nerves, a. vertebralis and quite a bit of bone tissue from the upper cervical vertebrae are seen.