Highly detailed torso with 15 removable parts and genderless

Highly detailed torso with 15 removable parts and genderless

1) Price : DKK 3,965 (incl. VAT)

2) Size : 87 cm in height and weighs approximately 8.5 kg

3) Removable parts: 15 pcs.

4) Color, stand, material quality and inclusive/exclusive list of names

The skin looks like light rubber, which is matte. The other colors appear bright and matte. The stand is an approximately 2 cm thick plastic plate in grey-white, which measures approx. 25 x 38 cm.

The material quality seems good and very robust in all the model's tissues, although the skin and especially some tissues look very artificial (e.g. the eye and the kidney tissue in the right kidney).

There are no numberings on the torso model, but a particularly comprehensive torso guide in book form (and on a CD-ROM) is included, where even the smallest anatomical structures are explained on e.g. Latin and English using pictures.

5) Anatomical details (mentioned from the top of the model downwards in the following 4 groups)

I - The musculoskeletal system (bones, cartilage, ligaments, fascia and skeletal muscles)

Bones : There are quite a few - mainly in the head and chest. In the head, the left part of the skull can be seen inside with very few details such as protrusions and holes for vessels and nerves. Externally, a bit of the facial skeleton can be seen around the left eye, where the various bones are seen without details such as protrusions, holes, etc. Furthermore, an insignificant small part of the lower jaw on the right side and the tongue bone can be seen without significant muscle attachments.

Inside the torso, the clavicles and ribs can be seen in cross-section at the open and transected chest wall, when half of each lung has been removed. When the lungs have been removed, the anterior ribs, cartilage and part of the sternum, which is attached to the lungs, can also be seen. This bone tissue is also not seen in detail - however, the anguli sterni is seen. In addition, the iliac crests, quite a bit of the pubic bones and the transition between the 5th lumbar vertebra and the sacrum in the pelvis are visible.

Cartilage appears in light blue on the nose, in the throat, in the trachea, in the chest (costal cartilage) and at the 5th lumbar vertebra in the torso (disc). Ligaments virtually invisible. Fascia not seen either.

Skeletal muscles seen to a lesser extent. In the head, some muscles can be seen around the left side of the mouth and jaw and near the right ear. In addition, few pectoral muscles, few abdominal muscles and few muscles in the pelvis can be identified.

Both the very largest arteries and veins as well as quite a few smaller blood vessels are included. In addition to the large vessels in the neck, chest and stomach, detailed blood supply (arteries and veins) can also be seen in many other organs. As for the brain, arteries are seen on the entire surface of the left hemisphere (which can be taken out) and the internal carotid artery. In the remaining part of the brain, the superior sagittal sinus is particularly visible.

Smaller blood vessels are also seen in the heart ("coronary vessels"), the lungs, the stomach, the small and large intestine, the pancreas, the liver and the right kidney (which can be opened). Openings in the surface of the spleen and left thigh also show some blood vessels.

The nervous system is largely invisible. Lymph vessels and lymph nodes are only visible in a small area on the front of the left thigh. In addition, all 3 salivary glands can be seen very clearly.

III – Internal organs (grouped)

The brain : Only the left part of the brain can be taken out (in one piece), and it resembles the brain in both color (roughly) and shape. The right part of the brain is rather an illustration/drawing of the brain tissue and blood vessels. The size is natural, and you see many neuroanatomical structures. In the left part, you can easily see the overall division into cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. In the cerebrum (telencephalon and diencephalon), the 1st - 4th cerebral lobes as well as the thalamus and hypothalamus (and the pituitary gland) are primarily visible. In the cerebellum, both the tonsilla and vermis are seen. In the brainstem you can see the cranial nerves and the 3 different parts (the midbrain, the brainstem and the medulla oblongata). Other structures such as the brain stem, fornix and the first 2 cranial nerves are also seen.

Chest cavity organs : The heart can be taken out and divided into 2. On the surface, the heart's blood supply can be seen in typical red and blue color as well as larger blood vessels to and from the heart. When the front part of the heart is lifted off, all 4 valves are seen in the form of the 2 different valve systems. There are clear differences in the inner surface of atria versus heart chambers. Furthermore, it is clearly seen that the muscle wall (the myocardium) is thickest in the left ventricle. The impulse conduction system is not seen, but details such as the fossa ovalis, ostium sinus coronarii and papillary muscles are.

Both lungs can be divided into 2 and the front part of each lung can be taken out (with fixed ribs

and sternum). You can see the division into lobes, the marbled surface, the root of the lung and the branching of the bronchi, arteries and veins from different angles.

Esophagus, thoracic aorta and trachea (with main bronchi) is clearly seen when the heart is taken out. The surface of the esophagus appears muscular and its passage through the diaphragm is evident. The diaphragm is attached to the undersides of the lungs.

Abdominal organs : The stomach can be taken out but not opened. On the outer surface, the blood supply can be seen, and the organ can be easily divided into its various sections.

The pancreas, the entire duodenum and a large part of the large intestine can be removed in one piece.

The pancreas is seen with the characteristic ductus pancreaticus and relationships to blood vessels. The duodenum is seen in great detail. Despite a cross-section, good details are not seen in the wall layers, but a total opening shows the folds of the mucosa as well as the papilla duodeni minor and major. In a cross-section of the large intestine, good details are not seen in the wall layers either. A total opening is seen at the ileocaecal site - i.e. the end of the small intestine, the caecum and the beginning of the ascending colon, where the folds of the mucosa are clearly visible. Furthermore, the appendix vermiformis is seen as well as 2 of the 3 characteristics: Haustra coli and taeniae coli (appendices epiploicae are not seen). As previously described, the intestinal blood supply is also seen.

A smaller part of the large intestine (colon transversum) can also be removed in one piece. So can the remaining part of the small intestine (i.e. without the duodenum).

Liver and gallbladder can be taken out in one piece. Larger blood vessels and ligaments/peritoneal folds are seen. The spleen cannot be taken out. It appears with an oval opening where red and blue blood vessels are clearly visible.

Right kidney can be seen inside, because the front surface can be taken out (equivalent to dividing the kidney "from edge to edge"). You can see good details such as cortex, pith, blood vessels and the renal pelvis. Adrenal glands and left kidney cannot be taken out or seen inside. The ureters are also seen.

Sigmoid colon and the beginning of the rectum can be seen but not taken out. Half of the bladder can be taken out so that its inner and wall layers can be seen. Genitalia is not included at all.

IV – The sensory organs: Skin, eyes and ear-nose-throat

The skin seems artificial and rubbery. Seen without hair and the like.

Eyes : The left eye can be removed - the right is not visible (is closed). On the left eye (front) you can see the pupil, the iris and the sclera, which are painted on. Furthermore, the eye muscles and lacrimal gland can be seen. The inner layer of the eye is not visible, but yellow color around the stick, which holds the eye firmly in the torso model, is probably to symbolize the optic nerve.

The ears are closed - but beautiful.

Nasal cavity and oral cavity is seen very clearly in cross-section and with structures such as the tongue, because all bone tissue belonging to the left part of the facial skeleton (under the left eye) is not included. Many details are seen such as muscles in the region, clam bones in the nose and salivary glands but no real teeth. The surface of the tongue appears uneven, but the various papillae cannot be identified. Furthermore, an area without skin can be seen on the right side of the face (cheek) with muscles and the large parotid gland with the duct.

The neck seen in a transverse section because the entire head can be removed. Unfortunately, the internal structures are not visible. In contrast, different structures are seen on the front (mainly the front part of the throat, the thyroid gland and blood vessels).